TEOLOGI KERJA DAN PELAYANAN BIVOKASIONAL PENDETA DALAM 1–2 TESALONIKA:: Temuan Lapangan di Minahasa

Wirna Tololiu

doi:10.63284/jk.v1i2.10

Authors

Wirna Tololiu Program Studi Teologi Kristen Protestan, Universitas Kristen Indonesia Tomohon

Keywords:

Bivocational Ministry, Theology of Work, Pastors, 1–2 Thessalonians, Minahasa

Abstract

This study is motivated by the ongoing debate regarding the legitimacy of bivocational ministry among pastors in Indonesian churches. While some churches require pastors to serve full-time, others allow or even encourage them to take on additional work. This article aims to analyze the work norms in 1–2 Thessalonians and connect them with the reality of bivocational ministry among pastors in Minahasa. The research employed a qualitative approach through semi-structured interviews with ten pastors from Evangelical, Pentecostal, and Reformed denominations, along with an exegetical analysis of 1–2 Thessalonians. The findings reveal that seven out of ten pastors are bivocational due to economic reasons or as a form of witness, while three others focus on full-time ministry supported financially by their congregations. The discussion highlights that Paul’s work ethic in 1–2 Thessalonians not only refers to secular labor but also affirms ministry as work, requiring contextual interpretation. In conclusion, bivocational ministry is acceptable as long as it does not compromise the quality of pastoral service and is aligned with denominational context.

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